Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of Undergoing a Pap Smear Screening Test and Knowledge Levels of Women Aged 21-65 Years Based on the Health Belief Model: A Cross-sectional Study
21-65 Yaş Arası Kadınların Pap Smear Tarama Testi Hakkındaki Bilgi Durumlarının Sağlık İnanç Modeline Göre Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Çalışma
Leman ÇEKİa, Aysel ÖZDEMİRb
aAlaşehir State Hospital, Manisa, TURKEY
bDepartment of Public Health Nursing, Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(4):858-68
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-81645
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study determined women's experiences and awareness of undergoing a Pap smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Material and Methods: The population consisted of 1,193 women registered at a family health center. The sample consisted of 291 people with an error margin of 5% and 0.5 probability. Results: This study found no statistically significant associations between undergoing a Pap smear test and the Health Belief Model Scale (HBMS) sub-dimensions (p>0.05). Moreover, awareness of the reasons for a Pap smear test was not associated with the HBMS sensitivity, caring, and health motivation sub-dimensions (p>0.05) but was associated with the benefit motivation and obstacles sub-dimensions (p<0.05). The awareness of undergoing a Pap smear test based on the menstrual cycle was not associated with the HBMS sensitivity sub-dimension (p>0.05) but was associated with the caring, benefit motivation, health motivation, and obstacles sub-dimensions (p<0.05). Awareness of the preparatory stages before the Pap smear test was not associated with the HBMS sensitivity, caring, and health motivation sub-dimensions (p>0.05) but was associated with the benefit motivation and obstacles sub-dimensions (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that the HBM is important for encouraging women to undergo early diagnostic tests for cervical cancer and designing and maintaining health education programs. Public health nurses should plan actions that support and encourage women based on the HBM in health-related education to contribute to the efforts of increasing the rate of participation in preventative screenings.

Keywords: Pap smear test; cervical cancer; health belief model
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, kadınların serviks kanserinin erken teşhisi için kullanılan Pap smear testini yaptırma durumlarının ve bilgi düzeylerinin Sağlık İnanç Modeline (SİM) göre belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı tipte planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evreni, bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine kayıtlı 1.193 kadından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi %5 hata ve 0,5 olasılık yöntemi ile (n) 291 kişi olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, katılımcıların Pap smear taraması yaptırma durumu ve Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği (SİMÖ) düzeyi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Bu çalışmada, Pap smear testinin neden yapıldığını bilme durumu ve SİMÖ düzeyi ilişkisi; duyarlılık, önemseme ve sağlık motivasyonu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ilişki saptanmamışken (p>0,05), yarar motivasyonu ve engeller arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Pap smear testinin menstrüel siklusa göre yapılma durumunu bilme ve SİMÖ düzeyi ilişkisi; duyarlılık arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ilişki saptanmamışken (p>0,05), önemseme, yarar motivasyonu, sağlık motivasyonu ve engeller arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). Pap smear testi öncesinde hazırlıkları bilme durumu ve SİMÖ düzeyi ilişkisi; duyarlılık, önemseme ve sağlık motivasyonu arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmamışken (p>0,05), yarar motivasyonu ve engeller arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, kadınların rahim ağzı kanseri erken tanı testlerine yaptırma durumlarının, sağlık eğitimi programlarının tasarlanması ve yürütülmesinde SİM'in önemli olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Halk sağlığı hemşiresinin sağlık eğitimlerinde kadınların desteklenmesi ve cesaretlendirilmesin de SİM'e göre yaklaşım planlaması istenilen katılımı arttırmaya katkı sağlayacağı düşüncesindeyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Pap smear test; servikal kanser; sağlık inanç modeli
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